Leicester’s history covers thousands of years, from its start as a Celtic tribe settlement to its modernisation. This article will guide you through its Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, medieval, Tudor, Georgian, and Victorian eras and the 20th century to today, delving into Leicester’s rich history.
Key Takeaways
- Leicester’s history dates back to the Late Iron Age, when a significant transformation occurred under Roman rule, as evidenced by substantial infrastructure developments such as the Jewry Wall Public Baths and the Mithraeum.
- The Anglo-Saxon and Viking periods were crucial in shaping Leicester’s development. The town adapted to cultural and political changes and eventually became a prominent medieval town marked by landmarks like Leicester Castle.
- From Tudor to modern times, Leicester evolved through industrialisation in the Georgian and Victorian eras, significant urban growth in the 20th century, and ongoing modernisation efforts, establishing itself as a prominent city in the UK. Local businesses like Stokes Removals & Storage continue to play an essential role in the community.
- Leicester’s diverse population is a result of large scale immigration, particularly since World War II, which has significantly contributed to its cultural and demographic landscape.
Roman Beginnings
A guide to Leicester’s origins starts back to the Late Iron Age when it was a Celtic settlement inhabited by the Corieltavi tribe. The settlement was strategically located near the River Soar, with Newtown Linford situated to the northwest of Leicester city centre. This early settlement near the River Soar was significant for its coin minting and established trading links with the continent. The Corieltavi’s strategic location laid the groundwork for Leicester’s future development.
In 47 AD, the Romans conquered Leicestershire and transformed the settlement into a Roman town known as ‘Ratae’. The name ‘Ratae’ is derived from a Latinised Celtic word meaning ‘ramparts’, reflecting the town’s fortified nature. By the early 2nd century CE, Leicester boasted a new street grid, drainage systems, and cambered gravel roads, showcasing Roman engineering prowess.
The Roman settlement quickly became an important centre for trade and commerce, with connections to other Roman towns in Britain. The introduction of new technologies, such as the waterwheel and ironworking, helped establish Leicester as a major industrial centre. These advancements facilitated the production of goods and contributed to the town’s economic growth.
The Roman influence on Leicester was profound, with significant structures such as the forum, basilica, and Jewry Wall Public Baths. A notable addition was the Mithraeum, a temple dedicated to the Persian god Mithras, highlighting the cultural diversity of Roman Leicester. These developments cemented Leicester’s status as a thriving Roman town, leaving a legacy that fascinates historians and archaeologists today.
Anglo-Saxon and Viking Influence
The Anglo-Saxon era marked a revival period for Leicester, beginning in the seventh century when the kingdom of Mercia emerged as a dominant political power in the East Midlands, including the southwest. This period saw a monetary economy’s re-emergence, spurring the town’s development and setting the stage for its future growth. Leicester’s strategic location once again played a crucial role in its resurgence.
The Viking invasions of the 9th century brought significant cultural and political changes to Leicester. The Danes, known for their fierce warrior culture, left an indelible mark on the town. The archaeological record reveals a complex landscape of diverse settlement patterns around Leicester, reflecting the town’s ability to adapt and thrive amidst these changes.
Despite the turmoil, Leicester grew, gradually evolving into an important medieval town. The influences of Anglo-Saxon and Viking rule can still be seen in the town’s cultural and historical fabric, making this era a pivotal chapter in Leicester’s story.
Medieval Leicester
The construction of Leicester Castle around 1070, shortly after the Norman Conquest, marked a significant milestone in the town’s medieval history. The castle, built over the remnants of the Roman town walls, featured a large motte and the Great Hall, serving as a symbol of Norman authority. Despite being partially demolished in 1173 after a rebellion, Leicester Castle remained an important site, hosting English monarchs such as Edward I and Edward II and serving as the residence of John of Gaunt and his wife, Constance of Castile.
By the mid-15th century, the Great Hall of Leicester Castle had become a venue for significant events, including the Parliament of England sessions. The Parliament of Bats in 1426 is a notable example of the castle’s role in national affairs. Additionally, the castle was primarily used as a courthouse, reflecting its continued importance in the administrative and judicial life of medieval Leicester.
During this period, Leicester’s merchants formed a Guild, which was crucial to the town’s economic and social life. The guilds helped to regulate trade, maintain quality standards, and support the community, contributing to Leicester’s prosperity in the Middle Ages.
Thus, the medieval era laid a strong foundation for Leicester’s future development, cementing its status as an important town in England.
Leicester During the Tudor Period
The Tudor period significantly changed Leicester, particularly with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s. This event led to the closure and destruction of several monastic institutions, including Leicester Abbey, the Greyfriars, and the Blackfriars. During this period, efforts were made to provide relief for the poor, including the foundation of hospitals dedicated to caring for the economically disadvantaged and sick. The dissolution profoundly impacted the town’s religious and social structures, reshaping its landscape and economy, including the area now known as Abbey Park.
In 1530, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, a prominent figure in Tudor England, died at Leicester Abbey, highlighting the town’s historical significance. The dissolution also affected the Guild of Corpus Christi, which was dissolved in 1548. Despite these upheavals, Leicester continued to evolve, adapting to the new socio-political realities of the Tudor era.
In 1589, Elizabeth I issued a Royal Charter establishing the Corporation of Leicester as a replacement for the Moot of Burgesses, effectively creating the town council. This charter formalised the town’s governance structure, paving the way for future growth and development. Interestingly, Leicester is also known for being the final resting place of Richard III. The Tudor period thus marked a time of both challenge and opportunity for Leicester, shaping its path towards becoming a thriving urban centre.
Georgian Leicester
The Georgian era was a period of significant growth and development for Leicester. The town’s population surged from approximately 6,000 in 1700 to about 17,000 by the early 1800s. During the 1820s, houses were constructed outside Belgrave Gate, marking it as a significant area for residential expansion as the town’s population grew rapidly. This population boom was accompanied by economic diversification, with trades such as tailoring, cordwaining, and the shirt trade becoming prominent. The establishment of the elastic web industry further boosted Leicester’s economic landscape.
The construction of the Soar Canal in 1794 played a crucial role in Leicester’s industrial growth by improving the transportation of goods. This development facilitated the movement of raw materials and finished products, contributing to the town’s burgeoning industrial sector. Architecturally, the early 18th century saw the creation of New Street, which was lined with Georgian houses that began construction around 1711 and continued throughout the century.
In 1785, New Walk was established as a pedestrian promenade, providing a scenic route through the town. These developments reflected the growing affluence and urbanisation of Georgian Leicester, setting the stage for further expansion in the Victorian era, including the creation of Victoria Park.
Victorian Leicester
The Victorian period witnessed an unprecedented expansion and industrial growth in Leicester. The town’s population skyrocketed from 40,000 to 212,000, driven by the Industrial Revolution. Industries such as engineering, boot and shoemaking, and the elastic web industry flourished, transforming Leicester into a bustling industrial hub.
One of the most iconic landmarks from this era is the Clock Tower, constructed in 1868 to address congestion at the Haymarket. Designed by local architect Joseph Goddard, the Clock Tower was funded by public contributions and the Corporation of Leicester, serving as a town hall and a memorial to four benefactors in the town hall square:
- Simon De Montfort
- William Wigston
- Sir Thomas White
- Alderman Gabriel Newton
The Victorian houses around New Walk, dating from the 1850s to the 1880s, housed merchants, manufacturers, and professionals, reflecting the town’s growing prosperity. The late 19th-century developments on New Walk marked the last phase of Victorian architectural expansion in Leicester. These transformations underscored the town’s evolution into a modern industrial city.
Modern Leicester: From the 20th Century to Today
Leicester’s transformation continued into the 20th century, culminating in its designation as a city in 1919. The town’s boundaries were extended, and in 1927, Leicester was given a cathedral and a bishop, further enhancing its civic status. The interwar period saw the establishment of essential infrastructure, including the Lancaster Road Fire Station and the City Police Headquarters.
In 2011, Leicester introduced the position of a directly elected mayor, which significantly changed the structure of local governance and had a notable impact on local politics.
The Blitz of 1940 affected areas like Highfields and the Freeman, Hardy, and Willis buildings, leading to post-war redevelopment and slum clearance. The development of council estates such as Braunstone and new housing projects at Beaumont Leys and Eyres Monsell reflected Leicester’s ongoing growth and modernisation efforts. By the 1970s, New Walk had transformed from a residential area into a commercial hub.
Leicester’s population continued to grow, reaching 357,000 by 2024. Significant modern developments include the discovery of Richard III’s remains in 2012, which brought international attention to the city. Leicester’s journey through the 20th century and into the 21st century illustrates its dynamic evolution and enduring significance as Leicester City, including the bustling Leicester City Centre and the renowned Leicester Royal Infirmary, continues to thrive.
Economy and Industry
Leicester has a long history of industrialisation, dating back to the medieval period. The city’s location on the River Soar made it an ideal place for textile production, with many mills and factories established along the river. This early industrial activity laid the foundation for Leicester’s economic development.
The Industrial Revolution transformed Leicester’s economy, turning it into a major centre for footwear manufacturing, engineering, and other industries. The city’s population grew rapidly as people moved to Leicester for work, and new factories and workshops sprang up to meet the demand for goods. The introduction of mechanised production methods further boosted the city’s industrial output.
Throughout the 20th century, Leicester’s economy continued to grow and diversify. New industries, such as electronics and pharmaceuticals, emerged, adding to the city’s economic landscape.
Today, Leicester is a thriving economic hub with a strong focus on innovation, entrepreneurship, and business growth. The city is home to two renowned universities, De Montfort University and the University of Leicester, which provide a skilled workforce and contribute to research and development. These institutions play a crucial role in driving the city’s economy forward, ensuring that Leicester remains competitive in a global market.
Culture and Community
Leicester is a culturally diverse city with a rich history of immigration and cultural exchange. This diversity is celebrated through various cultural festivals and events, such as the Leicester Caribbean Carnival, the Leicester Comedy Festival, and the Diwali celebrations. These events bring the community together and highlight the city’s vibrant cultural scene.
Leicester’s cultural landscape is also reflected in its many museums, galleries, and performance venues. The National Space Centre, Curve Theatre, and De Montfort Hall are just a few examples of the city’s commitment to arts and culture. These institutions provide residents and visitors with opportunities to engage with the arts and learn about the world around them.
The city has a strong sense of community, with numerous community groups and organisations working to promote social cohesion and community engagement. Historic landmarks like the Jewry Wall, the Guildhall, and Leicester Cathedral serve as reminders of the city’s rich heritage and provide a sense of continuity and identity.
Leicester’s cultural heritage is also evident in its many parks and green spaces, including Abbey Park, Botanic Gardens, and Castle Gardens. These areas offer residents a place to relax, exercise, and connect with nature. Additionally, the city’s community centres, libraries, and other public facilities provide a range of services and activities that cater to the diverse needs of Leicester’s population.
Stokes Removals & Storage: Moving with History
Stokes Removals & Storage is a family-run business with over 50 years of experience in the removals and storage industry. Located just outside the city centre in South Wigston, Leicester, Stokes has become an integral part of the community, offering personalised services across Leicestershire and surrounding regions like Loughborough, Melton Mowbray, and Rutland. Their long history and deep connection to Leicester’s heritage make them a trusted partner for anyone looking to move within this historically rich area.
Regulated by the British Association of Removers and Trading Standards, Stokes adheres to high industry standards, ensuring quality and reliability. Their commitment to excellence is reflected in their customer-centric approach and comprehensive range of services catering to residential and commercial needs.
Comprehensive Services
Stokes Removals & Storage offers a wide variety of services designed to meet the diverse needs of their clients. Their services include:
- Residential removal services include comprehensive packages that include packing and transportation for individual moves.
- Commercial removals: handling everything from small office moves to multi-site relocations for businesses.
- Business storage solutions: offering storage options for any duration, ensuring flexibility and convenience.
Their packing services are tailored to suit different requirements, offering full, partial, and self-packing options. Stokes provides all necessary packing materials, ensuring that belongings are safely and securely packed for the move. Additionally, their self-storage facilities cater to both short-term and long-term needs and are equipped with essential security measures to protect clients’ possessions.
With a focus on flexibility and adaptability, Stokes Removals & Storage is equipped to handle clients’ economic challenges, offering competitive pricing and tailored solutions to meet specific needs.
Customer-Centric Approach
At the heart of Stokes Removals & Storage is a commitment to customer satisfaction. Their friendly and experienced team aims to make the moving process as smooth and stress-free as possible for their clients. This dedication is reflected in their 5-star ratings on Google and Facebook, showcasing their high level of customer satisfaction.
Stokes’ services are:
- Regulated and monitored
- Personalised to accommodate the unique needs of each client
- Adhering to the CTSI-approved BAR Code of Practice, ensuring high industry standards
This commitment to quality and reliability has made them a trusted name in the removals and storage industry.
To further enhance their customer-centric approach, Stokes offers exceptional discounts for:
- NHS staff
- Emergency services
- Military personnel
- Students
Their competitive pricing and flexibility in scheduling make them an ideal choice for anyone looking to move within Leicester and its surrounding areas, including the bustling Leicester Market.
Summary
Leicester’s history is a rich tapestry woven through centuries of transformation and development. From its Roman beginnings to its modern-day status as a thriving city, Leicester has continually evolved, adapting to new challenges and opportunities. This journey through time highlights the city’s resilience and dynamism, showcasing its cultural and historical significance. Leicester stands out among other significant cities for its rich cultural and historical heritage, making it a unique urban centre in the region.
Stokes Removals & Storage, with its long history and deep connection to Leicester, embodies the spirit of this vibrant city. Its comprehensive services and customer-centric approach make it a trusted partner for anyone looking to move within this historically rich area. As we reflect on Leicester’s past and present, it is clear that the city will continue to thrive and inspire future generations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Leicester famous for historically?
Leicester is historically famous for hosting one of the first English Parliaments, the final resting place of the last Plantagenet King of England, and the city where Thomas Cook developed modern tourism and textile pioneers fueled the Industrial Revolution. This city has played a significant role in shaping England’s history. Leicester also played a significant role during the English Civil War, with the town being laid siege by Royalist forces in 1645.
How long has Stokes been in the removals and storage industry?
Stokes has been in the removals and storage industry for over 50 years, making it a highly experienced family-run business.
What services does Stokes offer?
Stokes offers its clients residential and commercial removals, packing options, and self-storage facilities.
Where is Stokes located?
Stokes is located just outside the city centre in South Wigston, Leicester.
